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AS 1170.2
Flat Roof Solar — Unique Considerations
Commercial and industrial buildings frequently have flat concrete or membrane roofs that are ideal for large solar arrays — if correctly designed. Flat roofs present two key challenges: waterproofing (penetrations or ballast loads on membranes) and wind loading (low-tilt arrays on flat surfaces experience significant horizontal drag and vertical uplift).
Ballasted vs Penetration Systems
Method | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
Ballasted (no penetrations) | No roof membrane damage; fully reversible; faster installation | Heavy (40–80 kg per panel of ballast); requires structural engineer confirmation of slab capacity; wind rating limited to Region B typically |
Penetration (anchor bolts through slab) | Strong — suitable for all wind regions; lower profile; lighter | Every penetration must be waterproofed and core-filled; membrane repair by roofing contractor required |
Ballasted-frame hybrid | Reduced ballast by using some anchored footpoints; suitable for Region B/C | Still requires some penetrations; more complex design |
Minimum Array Tilt on Flat Roofs
Flat roofs should use a minimum 10° panel tilt to allow self-cleaning by rain and prevent water pooling on panel surfaces. A 10° tilt array on a flat roof requires careful wind tunnel analysis — the low-profile flat array can still experience significant uplift from wind getting under the panel leading edge.
Waterproofing Penetrations — Best Practice
All penetrations through membrane roofs must be done by the membrane manufacturer's approved applicator to maintain waterproofing warranty
Use proprietary waterproofing collars (e.g., Dektite, Wakaflex) sized to the bolt diameter
Apply minimum 200 mm sealant radius around each penetration
Document all penetration locations with GPS coordinates or measured grid references — future maintenance workers need to find them without probing the membrane
Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH
