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AS 4509.2-2010
The Foundation of Every Off-Grid Design
No off-grid solar system can be correctly sized without a detailed load assessment. Under-estimating loads leads to undersized battery banks that go flat on overcast days. Over-estimating leads to unnecessarily expensive systems. AS 4509.2 defines a systematic approach to load assessment that starts with individual appliances and builds up to a verified daily energy demand figure.
Load Assessment Worksheet
Appliance | Quantity | Power (W) | Hours/Day | Wh/Day |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LED lighting | 10 | 10 W each = 100 W | 5 | 500 |
Refrigerator (A++ rated) | 1 | 80 W average | 24 | 1,920 |
Washing machine | 1 | 500 W average | 1 | 500 |
Laptop computer | 2 | 45 W | 6 | 540 |
TV (55" LED) | 1 | 80 W | 4 | 320 |
Water pump (pressure) | 1 | 750 W | 0.5 | 375 |
Miscellaneous (phone chargers, fans) | — | — | — | 300 |
Total daily energy demand | 4,455 Wh = 4.45 kWh/day |
Demand Coincidence and Peak Load
The peak load (required inverter size) is not the sum of all appliance ratings — not everything runs simultaneously. Apply a demand coincidence factor (typically 0.6–0.8 for residential off-grid) to the sum of connected load ratings to determine the design peak load for inverter sizing. For the example above with a total connected load of about 1,600 W, the design peak might be 1,000–1,200 W — a 2 kVA inverter provides adequate headroom.
Seasonal Variation
For southern Australia, summer loads (air conditioning, electric fans, longer daylight use) differ from winter loads (heating, longer evening lighting). Size the battery bank and solar array for the most demanding combination — typically winter in cold climates (low solar + higher heating load) or summer in hot climates (high cooling load + high solar).
Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH
