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AS 4777.2-2015
Why Export Limits Exist
Distribution networks were designed to carry power in one direction — from the substation to homes. When many homes export solar simultaneously, the local feeder can become overloaded, causing voltage rise, thermal limits on cables, and protection relay coordination issues. Network distributors respond by limiting how much individual systems can export.
Types of Export Limiting
Type | Description | Equipment Required |
|---|---|---|
Zero export (No export) | Inverter is configured to produce only as much power as the site's own load consumes — no grid export at all | Current transformer (CT) on main switchboard + inverter CT input |
Fixed export limit | Inverter caps its output at a set export level regardless of solar production | CT monitoring + inverter power management |
Dynamic export limit | Inverter adjusts export in real time based on available feeder capacity — DNSP sends a signal via smart meter or internet | CT + internet-connected inverter + DNSP DER register |
How Zero-Export Is Configured
Zero-export installations use a current transformer (CT) clipped around the main supply cable at the switchboard. The CT sends a 4–20 mA or Modbus signal to the inverter indicating how much power the site is currently importing. The inverter's "export power limit" function modulates output to keep the import reading at zero — meaning it matches the site load exactly.
Critical configuration points:
CT must be on the grid side of the main switchboard — not the solar AC output side
CT polarity must be correct — reversed CT causes the inverter to ramp up when it should ramp down
Response speed must be set for the fastest allowable oscillation — too slow causes momentary export; too fast causes instability
A 10–50 W export allowance (not true zero) is recommended to avoid the inverter hunting continuously at the setpoint
Dynamic Export — The Future of Network Integration
Several Australian DNSPs (Energex, Western Power, AusNet) are now implementing dynamic export limiting via AS 4777.2's flexible export function. Systems registered in the DNSP's Distributed Energy Resources (DER) register can have their export limit changed remotely — increased during off-peak, reduced during network stress. This allows more solar to be connected to constrained feeders while managing peak export.
Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH
