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AS 4509.2-2010

Where Australia's Solar Resource Data Comes From

The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) maintains a national solar radiation database from pyranometer measurements at ground stations and satellite-derived estimates. This data is published as monthly and annual mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m²/day) and can be converted to Peak Sun Hours (PSH) for system design. AS 4509.2 explicitly references BoM data as the source for solar resource input to the energy balance calculation.

Converting MJ/m² to Peak Sun Hours

PSH = Solar Exposure (MJ/m²/day) / 3.6

Example: Dubbo, NSW — June average solar exposure = 12.5 MJ/m²/day.
PSH = 12.5 / 3.6 = 3.47 PSH in June (the design month for this location).

Solar Resource Across Australia — Design Month PSH

Location

June PSH (Worst Month)

Annual Average PSH

Darwin, NT

5.8

6.4

Alice Springs, NT

5.2

6.6

Brisbane, QLD

4.0

5.2

Perth, WA

3.5

5.5

Sydney, NSW

3.0

4.7

Melbourne, VIC

2.4

4.4

Hobart, TAS

2.0

4.0

Tilt Angle Correction

BoM horizontal irradiance data assumes a flat surface facing the sky. Tilted, north-facing arrays capture more energy. The optimal tilt for maximising annual yield is approximately equal to the site's latitude. For maximising winter yield (important for off-grid sizing), tilt the panel at latitude + 10–15°. Most solar design software (PVSyst, SAM, PVcalc) applies tilt corrections automatically when the BoM data is used as input.

Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH


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