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AS 4777.1-2016
Why the Standard Meter Must Change
A standard accumulation meter (the spinning disc type) cannot measure electricity flowing in two directions. It may even run backwards when solar exports — crediting the customer more than it should. Modern grid-connected solar requires a bidirectional meter that separately measures import (from grid to home) and export (from solar to grid).
Meter Types for Solar
Meter Type | Function | FiT Compatibility |
|---|---|---|
Accumulation (legacy) | Measures total energy — cannot separate import/export | Not compatible — must be replaced |
Bidirectional accumulation | Two registers — separate import and export totals | Yes — suitable for net metering |
Interval/smart meter | Records import and export at 30-minute intervals; communicates via AMI network | Yes — enables time-of-use FiT rates |
Revenue-grade CT meter (commercial) | High-accuracy interval meter with CTs for large systems | Yes — mandatory for >100 kW systems |
Smart Meters and Time-of-Use Rates
Victoria has mandated smart meter rollout for all premises. Other states are following. For solar owners, a smart meter enables:
Time-of-use (TOU) tariffs — cheaper import rates at off-peak times, but also potentially lower FiT rates at midday when solar generation is highest
Demand charges — some tariffs bill based on peak 30-minute demand rather than total energy
Dynamic export limiting — smart meter can relay DNSP export limit signals to the inverter
Remote meter reading — eliminates estimated bills and manual readings
Net Metering vs Gross Metering
Australia now uses net metering exclusively for residential solar. Under net metering, you are billed only for the difference between what you import and what you export. Under the historic gross metering model (now discontinued in most states), all generation was metered separately and received a fixed FiT, while all consumption was billed at retail rates. Net metering is generally more beneficial when the FiT rate is lower than the retail rate — which it now is in all states.
Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH
